Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-1, 1960
Although only three PDP-1s are known to still exist, from the 50 ever made, this computer laid the groundwork for a lot of what was to come later. All three computers are at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Silicon Valley, and one has been restored to working order.
The PDP-1 was a large, mainframe computer but it was designed with interactivity and affordability in mind. That helped start the culture of users modifying their computers, which would lead to the personal computer taking off in later years.
Spacewar!, recognised by some as the first computer game, was created by Steven Russell at MIT for a PDP-1.
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